Entirely remove the rasteriser

tape-drive/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ edition = "2024"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-vulkano = "0.35.1"
+vulkano = "0.35.2"
 vulkano-shaders = { version = "0.35.0", features = ["shaderc-debug"] }
 winit = "0.30"
 vulkano-util = "0.35.0"

tape-drive/shaders/include/compute_prepass_include.glsl

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef compute_prepass_include
-#define compute_prepass_include
-
-#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
-#include "include.glsl"
-
-layout(set = 1, binding = 0) restrict buffer Object {
-    uvec4 enable[(SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION) / (4 * 32)];
-    vec3 dimensions;
-    vec3 lowest_corner;
-    uint material;
-    uint subdivision_log2;
-    float farplane;
-    vec3 colour;
-    float metallic;
-    float roughness;
-} object_uniforms;
-
-float scene(vec4 p) {
-    return 0.0;
-}
-
-vec2 interval_scene(vec4 pl, vec4 ph) {
-    return vec2(0.0);
-}
-
-vec4 gradient_scene(vec4 p) {
-    return vec4(0.0);
-}
-
-#endif

tape-drive/shaders/include/implicit_include.glsl

@@ -4,18 +4,6 @@
 #extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
 #include "include.glsl"
 
-layout(set = 1, binding = 0) uniform Object {
-    uvec4 enable[(SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION) / (4 * 32)];
-    vec3 dimensions;
-    vec3 lowest_corner;
-    uint material;
-    uint subdivision_log2;
-    float farplane;
-    vec3 colour;
-    float metallic;
-    float roughness;
-} object_uniforms;
-
 float scene(vec4 p) {
     return 0.0;
 }

tape-drive/shaders/include/include.glsl

@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ layout(constant_id = 10) const bool SPEC_USE_CPU_ENABLE_GEN = false;
 //layout(constant_id = 30) const uint SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION = 64;
 const uint SPEC_MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION = 64;
 
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstantData {
-    mat4 world;
-    mat4 inv_world;
-} pc;
-
 layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform Lights {
     vec4[32] pos;
     vec4[32] col;
@@ -33,33 +28,103 @@ layout(set = 0, binding = 1) uniform Camera {
     mat4 inv_proj;
     mat4 inv_view;
     vec4 campos_and_time;
-
-    float specular;
-    float specular_tint;
-    float sheen_tint;
-    float sheen;
-    float clear_coat_gloss;
-    float subsurface;
-    float clear_coat;
 } camera_uniforms;
 
-/*
-struct RTGBuffer {
-    uint normal; // 1010102
-    uint base_color; //1010102
-    float t;
-    uint8_t roughness;
-    uint8_t specular;
-    uint8_t specular_tint;
-
-    uint8_t sheen_tint;
-    uint8_t metallic;
-    uint8_t sheen;
-
-    uint8_t clear_coat_gloss;
-    uint8_t subsurface;
-    uint8_t clear_coat;
+struct OVertex {
+    vec4 pos;
+    vec4 normal;
+};
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 2, std430) restrict readonly buffer Verts {
+    OVertex verts[];
+} verts;
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 3, std430) restrict readonly buffer Indicies {
+    uint indicies[];
+} indicies;
+
+struct Object {
+    vec3 dimensions;
+    vec3 lowest_corner;
+    uint subdivision_log2;
+
+    vec4 colour_and_roughness;
+    float metallic;
+    float subsurface;
+    float specular;
+    float specular_tint;
+    float sheen;
+    float sheen_tint;
+    float clear_coat_gloss;
+    float clear_coat;
+};
+
+struct Mesh {
+    uint vert_offset;
+    uint index_offset;
+
+    vec4 colour_and_roughness;
+    float metallic;
+    float subsurface;
+    float specular;
+    float specular_tint;
+    float sheen;
+    float sheen_tint;
+    float clear_coat_gloss;
+    float clear_coat;
+};
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 4, std430) restrict readonly buffer Meshes {
+    Mesh meshes[];
+} meshes;
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 5, std430) restrict readonly buffer Objects {
+    Object objects[];
+} objects;
+
+struct TenTenTenTwo {
+    uint data;
+};
+
+uint single_t_compress(float inp) {
+    uint t = uint(clamp(abs(inp), 0.0, 1.0) * float(0x1FF));
+    if (inp < 0.) {
+        t |= 0x200;
+    }
+    return t;
+}
+
+float single_t_uncompress(uint inp) {
+    float t = float(inp & 0x1FF) / float(0x1FF);
+    if ((inp & 0x200) > 0) {
+        t = -t;
+    }
+    return t;
+}
+
+TenTenTenTwo tttt_compress(vec3 inp) {
+    TenTenTenTwo outp;
+    outp.data = single_t_compress(inp.x);
+    outp.data |= (single_t_compress(inp.y) << 10);
+    outp.data |= (single_t_compress(inp.z) << 20);
+    return outp;
+}
+
+vec3 tttt_uncompress(TenTenTenTwo inp) {
+    vec3 outp;
+    outp.x = single_t_uncompress(inp.data);
+    outp.y = (single_t_uncompress(inp.data >> 10));
+    outp.z = (single_t_uncompress(inp.data >> 20));
+    return outp;
+}
+
+struct RTGBuffer {
+    TenTenTenTwo normal;
+    TenTenTenTwo base_color;
+    TenTenTenTwo roughness_specular_specular_tint;
+    TenTenTenTwo sheen_tint_metallic_sheen;
+    TenTenTenTwo clear_coat_gloss_subsurface_clear_coat;
+    float t;
 };
-*/
 
 #endif

tape-drive/shaders/normal/fullscreen.vert.glsl

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
-#include "include.glsl"
-
-layout(location = 0) out vec2 v_pos;
-
-const vec2 full_screen_triangle[3] = {
-        vec2(0., 0.),
-        vec2(0., 2.),
-        vec2(2, 0.)
-    };
-
-void main() {
-    vec2 tri = (full_screen_triangle[gl_VertexIndex - gl_BaseVertex] * 2.0) - 1.0;
-    v_pos = tri;
-    gl_Position = vec4(v_pos, gl_BaseVertex / 65536.0, 1.0);
-}

tape-drive/shaders/normal/mesh.rchit.glsl

@@ -6,24 +6,15 @@
 layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 hit_value;
 hitAttributeEXT vec2 baryCoord;
 
-struct OVertex {
-    vec4 pos;
-    vec4 normal;
-};
-
-layout(set = 3, binding = 0, std430) restrict readonly buffer Verts {
-    OVertex verts[];
-} verts;
-
-layout(set = 3, binding = 1, std430) restrict readonly buffer Indicies {
-    uint indicies[];
-} indicies;
+Mesh mesh;
 
 OVertex load_vert(uint index) {
-    return verts.verts[indicies.indicies[index]];
+    return verts.verts[mesh.vert_offset + indicies.indicies[mesh.index_offset + index]];
 }
 
 void main() {
+    mesh = meshes.meshes[gl_InstanceID];
+
     // get mesh vertex data in object space
     OVertex v0 = load_vert((gl_PrimitiveID * 3) + 0);
     OVertex v1 = load_vert((gl_PrimitiveID * 3) + 1);

tape-drive/shaders/normal/trace.vert.glsl

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
-#include "include.glsl"
-#include "implicit_include.glsl"
-
-layout(location = 0) in vec3 position;
-
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 pos;
-
-void main() {
-    uint base_index = gl_InstanceIndex; //gl_BaseInstance;
-
-    if (SPEC_BRUTE_FORCE) {
-        if (base_index > 0) {
-            gl_Position = vec4(0.0 / 0.0);
-            return;
-        }
-        pos = vec4((position * object_uniforms.dimensions) + object_uniforms.lowest_corner, 1.);
-    } else {
-        vec3 internal_pos = vec3(
-                float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 2)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                    / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2),
-                float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 1)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                    / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2),
-                float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 0)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                    / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2)
-            );
-
-        bool enable;
-        switch ((base_index >> 5) & 3) {
-            default:
-            case 0:
-            enable = (object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].x & (1 << (base_index & 31))) != 0;
-            break;
-            case 1:
-            enable = (object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].y & (1 << (base_index & 31))) != 0;
-            break;
-            case 2:
-            enable = (object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].z & (1 << (base_index & 31))) != 0;
-            break;
-            case 3:
-            enable = (object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].w & (1 << (base_index & 31))) != 0;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if (!enable) {
-            gl_Position = vec4(0.0 / 0.0);
-            return;
-        }
-        pos = vec4((((position / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2)) + internal_pos)
-                    * object_uniforms.dimensions) + object_uniforms.lowest_corner, 1.);
-    }
-
-    gl_Position = camera_uniforms.proj_view * pc.world * pos;
-}

tape-drive/shaders/replacement/enable_gen.comp.glsl

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 460
 #extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
-#include "compute_prepass_include.glsl"
+#include "implicit_include.glsl"
 
 struct AABB {
     float min_x;
@@ -11,36 +11,44 @@ struct AABB {
     float max_z;
 };
 
-layout(set = 1, binding = 1, std430) restrict writeonly buffer AABBS {
+layout(set = 1, binding = 0, std430) restrict writeonly buffer AABBS {
     AABB aabbs[];
 } aabbs;
 
+layout(push_constant, std430) uniform PushConstantData {
+    uint object_index;
+} pc;
+
 layout(local_size_x = 8, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 8) in;
 
 const float NAN = 0.0 / 0.0;
 
+Object object;
+
 void main() {
-    if (SPEC_BRUTE_FORCE || SPEC_USE_CPU_ENABLE_GEN) {
+    if (SPEC_BRUTE_FORCE) {
         return;
     }
 
+    object = objects.objects[pc.object_index];
+
     uvec3 total_invocations = gl_NumWorkGroups * gl_WorkGroupSize;
     uint base_index = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * total_invocations.x * total_invocations.y) +
             (gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * total_invocations.x) + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
 
     vec3 internal_pos = vec3(
-            float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 2)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2),
-            float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 1)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2),
-            float((base_index >> (object_uniforms.subdivision_log2 * 0)) & ((1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2) - 1))
-                / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2)
+            float((base_index >> (object.subdivision_log2 * 2)) & ((1 << object.subdivision_log2) - 1))
+                / float(1 << object.subdivision_log2),
+            float((base_index >> (object.subdivision_log2 * 1)) & ((1 << object.subdivision_log2) - 1))
+                / float(1 << object.subdivision_log2),
+            float((base_index >> (object.subdivision_log2 * 0)) & ((1 << object.subdivision_log2) - 1))
+                / float(1 << object.subdivision_log2)
         );
 
-    vec3 low_corner = (((vec3(0.0) / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2)) + internal_pos)
-            * object_uniforms.dimensions) + object_uniforms.lowest_corner;
-    vec3 high_corner = (((vec3(1.0) / float(1 << object_uniforms.subdivision_log2)) + internal_pos)
-            * object_uniforms.dimensions) + object_uniforms.lowest_corner;
+    vec3 low_corner = (((vec3(0.0) / float(1 << object.subdivision_log2)) + internal_pos)
+            * object.dimensions) + object.lowest_corner;
+    vec3 high_corner = (((vec3(1.0) / float(1 << object.subdivision_log2)) + internal_pos)
+            * object.dimensions) + object.lowest_corner;
 
     vec2 interval = interval_scene(
             vec4(low_corner, camera_uniforms.campos_and_time.w),
@@ -59,36 +67,4 @@ void main() {
     } else {
         aabbs.aabbs[base_index].min_x = NAN;
     }
-
-    switch ((base_index >> 5) & 3) {
-        default:
-        case 0:
-        if (enable) {
-            atomicOr(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].x, (1 << (base_index & 31)));
-        } else {
-            atomicAnd(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].x, (~(1 << (base_index & 31))));
-        }
-        break;
-        case 1:
-        if (enable) {
-            atomicOr(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].y, (1 << (base_index & 31)));
-        } else {
-            atomicAnd(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].y, (~(1 << (base_index & 31))));
-        }
-        break;
-        case 2:
-        if (enable) {
-            atomicOr(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].z, (1 << (base_index & 31)));
-        } else {
-            atomicAnd(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].z, (~(1 << (base_index & 31))));
-        }
-        break;
-        case 3:
-        if (enable) {
-            atomicOr(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].w, (1 << (base_index & 31)));
-        } else {
-            atomicAnd(object_uniforms.enable[base_index >> 7].w, (~(1 << (base_index & 31))));
-        }
-        break;
-    }
 }

tape-drive/shaders/replacement/trace.frag.glsl

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive:require
-#include "include.glsl"
-#include "implicit_include.glsl"
-
-layout(location = 0) in vec4 pos;
-
-layout(depth_greater) out float gl_FragDepth;
-
-layout(location = 0) out uint material;
-
-const float EPSILON = .001;
-
-const uint MAX_STEPS = 50;
-
-void main() {
-    if (SPEC_BOUNDING_BOXES) {
-        material = object_uniforms.material;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vec3 raypos = pos.xyz;
-    vec3 raydir = normalize(raypos - (pc.inv_world * vec4(camera_uniforms.campos_and_time.xyz, 1)).xyz);
-
-    float farplane = SPEC_BRUTE_FORCE ? length(object_uniforms.dimensions) : object_uniforms.farplane;
-
-    vec3 p = raypos;
-    float total_dist = 0.;
-    for (uint i = 0; i < MAX_STEPS; i++) {
-        float dist = scene(vec4(p, camera_uniforms.campos_and_time.w));
-        total_dist += dist;
-        p = fma(raydir, vec3(total_dist), raypos);
-        if (abs(dist) < EPSILON) {
-            vec4 tpoint = camera_uniforms.proj_view * pc.world * vec4(p, 1);
-            gl_FragDepth = (tpoint.z / tpoint.w);
-            material = object_uniforms.material;
-            return;
-        } else if (total_dist > farplane) {
-            discard;
-        }
-    }
-    discard;
-}

tape-drive/src/gpu_upload.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,21 @@
-use std::{sync::Arc, thread};
+use std::thread;
 
 use vulkano::{
     buffer::{BufferContents, BufferWriteGuard, Subbuffer},
-    command_buffer::{
-        AutoCommandBufferBuilder, CommandBufferUsage, CopyBufferInfo, PrimaryCommandBufferAbstract,
-        allocator::CommandBufferAllocator,
-    },
-    device::Queue,
-    sync::{AccessConflict, GpuFuture, HostAccessError},
+    sync::HostAccessError,
 };
 
-fn get_host_buffer_writer<'a, T>(host_visible: &'a Subbuffer<T>) -> BufferWriteGuard<'a, T>
+fn get_host_buffer_writer<'a, T>(device_local: &'a Subbuffer<T>) -> BufferWriteGuard<'a, T>
 where
     T: BufferContents + ?Sized,
 {
-    let mut writer = host_visible.write();
+    let mut writer = device_local.write();
     'writerloop: loop {
         match writer {
-            Err(HostAccessError::AccessConflict(AccessConflict::DeviceRead))
-            | Err(HostAccessError::AccessConflict(AccessConflict::DeviceWrite)) => {
+            Err(HostAccessError::AccessConflict(_)) => {
                 //warn!("WAITING FOR HOST BUFFER FREE");
                 thread::yield_now();
-                writer = host_visible.write();
+                writer = device_local.write();
             },
             _ => break 'writerloop,
         }
@@ -29,72 +23,22 @@ where
     writer.unwrap()
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn gpu_upload<T>(
-    input: T,
-    device_local: Subbuffer<T>,
-    host_visible: Subbuffer<T>,
-    command_allocator: Arc<dyn CommandBufferAllocator>,
-    transfer_queue: Arc<Queue>,
-) -> Box<dyn GpuFuture + Send + Sync>
+pub(crate) fn gpu_upload<T>(input: T, device_local: Subbuffer<T>)
 where
     T: BufferContents,
 {
     {
-        let mut writer = get_host_buffer_writer(&host_visible);
+        let mut writer = get_host_buffer_writer(&device_local);
         *writer = input;
     }
-
-    gpu_upload_command_buffer(
-        device_local,
-        host_visible,
-        command_allocator,
-        transfer_queue,
-    )
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn gpu_upload_slice<T>(
-    input: &[T],
-    device_local: Subbuffer<[T]>,
-    host_visible: Subbuffer<[T]>,
-    command_allocator: Arc<dyn CommandBufferAllocator>,
-    transfer_queue: Arc<Queue>,
-) -> Box<dyn GpuFuture + Send + Sync>
+pub(crate) fn gpu_upload_slice<T>(input: &[T], device_local: Subbuffer<[T]>)
 where
     T: BufferContents + Copy,
 {
     {
-        let mut writer = get_host_buffer_writer(&host_visible);
+        let mut writer = get_host_buffer_writer(&device_local);
         writer.copy_from_slice(input);
     }
-
-    gpu_upload_command_buffer(
-        device_local,
-        host_visible,
-        command_allocator,
-        transfer_queue,
-    )
-}
-
-fn gpu_upload_command_buffer<T>(
-    device_local: Subbuffer<T>,
-    host_visible: Subbuffer<T>,
-    command_allocator: Arc<dyn CommandBufferAllocator>,
-    transfer_queue: Arc<Queue>,
-) -> Box<dyn GpuFuture + Send + Sync>
-where
-    T: BufferContents + ?Sized,
-{
-    let mut builder = AutoCommandBufferBuilder::primary(
-        command_allocator,
-        transfer_queue.queue_family_index(),
-        CommandBufferUsage::OneTimeSubmit,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    builder
-        .copy_buffer(CopyBufferInfo::buffers(host_visible, device_local))
-        .unwrap();
-    let commands = builder.build().unwrap();
-
-    commands.execute(transfer_queue).unwrap().boxed_send_sync()
 }

tape-drive/src/gui.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 
-use egui::{Color32, Frame, Id};
+use egui::{Color32, Frame, Id, Ui};
 use egui_plot::{Line, Plot, PlotPoints};
 use egui_winit_vulkano::Gui;
 
 use crate::{
     MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION, MINUMUM_SUBDIVISION,
-    objects::{CSG, Light, Mesh},
+    objects::{CSG, Light, Material, Mesh, Position},
 };
 
 fn sized_text(ui: &mut egui::Ui, text: impl Into<String>, size: f32) {
@@ -44,14 +44,6 @@ pub(crate) struct GState {
 
     pub(crate) debug: PreviousDebug,
 
-    pub(crate) subsurface:       f32,
-    pub(crate) specular:         f32,
-    pub(crate) specular_tint:    f32,
-    pub(crate) sheen:            f32,
-    pub(crate) sheen_tint:       f32,
-    pub(crate) clear_coat_gloss: f32,
-    pub(crate) clear_coat:       f32,
-
     pub(crate) recreate_pipelines: bool,
     pub(crate) reset_time:         bool,
 }
@@ -73,20 +65,41 @@ impl Default for GState {
 
             debug: Default::default(),
 
-            specular:         0.73,
-            specular_tint:    0.,
-            sheen_tint:       0.,
-            sheen:            0.58,
-            clear_coat_gloss: 0.63,
-            subsurface:       0.,
-            clear_coat:       0.85,
-
             recreate_pipelines: false,
             reset_time:         false,
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn draw_position(ui: &mut Ui, position: &mut Position) {
+    ui.heading("Position");
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.pos.x, -100.0..=100.0).text("Position.x"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.pos.y, -100.0..=100.0).text("Position.y"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.pos.z, -100.0..=100.0).text("Position.z"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.rot.x, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.x"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.rot.y, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.y"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.rot.z, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.z"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.scale.x, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.x"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.scale.y, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.y"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut position.scale.z, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.z"));
+}
+
+fn draw_material(ui: &mut Ui, material: &mut Material) {
+    ui.heading("Material");
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.colour.x, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.r"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.colour.y, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.g"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.colour.z, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.b"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.roughness, 0.0..=1.0).text("Roughness"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.metallic, 0.0..=1.0).text("Metallic"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.subsurface, 0.0..=1.0).text("Subsurface"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.specular, 0.0..=1.0).text("Specular"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.specular_tint, 0.0..=1.0).text("Specular tint"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.sheen, 0.0..=1.0).text("Sheen"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.sheen_tint, 0.0..=1.0).text("Sheen tint"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.clear_coat, 0.0..=1.0).text("Clear Coat"));
+    ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut material.clear_coat_gloss, 0.0..=1.0).text("Clear Coat Gloss"));
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn gui_up(gui: &mut Gui, state: &mut GState) {
     gui.immediate_ui(|gui| {
         let ctx = gui.context();
@@ -109,26 +122,6 @@ pub(crate) fn gui_up(gui: &mut Gui, state: &mut GState) {
                             egui::Slider::new(&mut state.move_speed, 0.0..=2.0)
                                 .text("Movement Speed"),
                         );
-                        ui.heading("Material");
-                        ui.add(
-                            egui::Slider::new(&mut state.subsurface, 0.0..=1.0).text("Subsurface"),
-                        );
-                        ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut state.specular, 0.0..=1.0).text("Specular"));
-                        ui.add(
-                            egui::Slider::new(&mut state.specular_tint, 0.0..=1.0)
-                                .text("Specular tint"),
-                        );
-                        ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut state.sheen, 0.0..=1.0).text("Sheen"));
-                        ui.add(
-                            egui::Slider::new(&mut state.sheen_tint, 0.0..=1.0).text("Sheen tint"),
-                        );
-                        ui.add(
-                            egui::Slider::new(&mut state.clear_coat, 0.0..=1.0).text("Clear Coat"),
-                        );
-                        ui.add(
-                            egui::Slider::new(&mut state.clear_coat_gloss, 0.0..=1.0)
-                                .text("Clear Coat Gloss"),
-                        );
                         let meshes_len = state.meshes.len();
                         let csg_len = state.csg.len();
                         ui.heading(format!("Meshes ({})", meshes_len));
@@ -138,30 +131,8 @@ pub(crate) fn gui_up(gui: &mut Gui, state: &mut GState) {
                             if meshes_len > 1 || csg_len > 0 {
                                 meshdel.push(ui.small_button("remove mesh").clicked());
                             }
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.pos.x, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.x"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.pos.y, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.y"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.pos.z, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.z"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.rot.x, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.x"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.rot.y, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.y"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.rot.z, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.z"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.scale.x, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.x"));
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.scale.y, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.y"));
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut mesh.scale.z, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.z"));
+                            draw_position(ui, &mut mesh.position);
+                            draw_material(ui, &mut mesh.material);
                         }
                         for i in meshdel
                             .into_iter()
@@ -178,45 +149,8 @@ pub(crate) fn gui_up(gui: &mut Gui, state: &mut GState) {
                             if meshes_len > 0 || csg_len > 1 {
                                 csgdel.push(ui.small_button("remove csg").clicked());
                             }
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.pos.x, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.x"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.pos.y, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.y"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.pos.z, -100.0..=100.0)
-                                    .text("Position.z"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.rot.x, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.x"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.rot.y, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.y"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.rot.z, 0.0..=360.0).text("Rotation.z"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.scale.x, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.x"));
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.scale.y, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.y"));
-                            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.scale.z, 0.0..=2.0).text("Scale.z"));
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.colour.x, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.r"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.colour.y, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.g"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.colour.z, 0.0..=1.0).text("Colour.b"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.roughness, 0.0..=1.0).text("Roughness"),
-                            );
-                            ui.add(
-                                egui::Slider::new(&mut csg.metallic, 0.0..=1.0).text("Metallic"),
-                            );
+                            draw_position(ui, &mut csg.position);
+                            draw_material(ui, &mut csg.material);
                             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                                 ui.label("Subdivision");
                                 for x in MINUMUM_SUBDIVISION.ilog2()..=MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION.ilog2() {

tape-drive/src/objects.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use std::{
     io::Read,
-    sync::{Arc, RwLock},
+    sync::{
+        Arc, RwLock,
+        atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
+    },
 };
 
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
@@ -8,16 +11,14 @@ use foldhash::{HashMap, HashMapExt};
 use glam::{self, Vec3};
 use obj::{LoadConfig, ObjData, ObjError};
 use vulkano::{
-    buffer::{Buffer, BufferCreateInfo, BufferUsage, Subbuffer},
+    DeviceSize,
+    buffer::Subbuffer,
     descriptor_set::DescriptorSet,
-    memory::allocator::{
-        AllocationCreateInfo, MemoryAllocatePreference, MemoryAllocator, MemoryTypeFilter,
-    },
-    pipeline::{ComputePipeline, GraphicsPipeline, graphics::vertex_input::Vertex},
+    pipeline::{ComputePipeline, graphics::vertex_input::Vertex},
     shader::ShaderModule,
 };
 
-use crate::{ssa::SSATape, trace_vs::Object};
+use crate::ssa::SSATape;
 
 pub(crate) const PLATONIC_SOLIDS: [(&str, &[u8]); 1] =
     [("Buny", include_bytes!("../data/bunny.obj"))];
@@ -32,46 +33,92 @@ pub(crate) struct OVertex {
     normal:   [f32; 4],
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Position {
+    pub(crate) pos:              Vec3,
+    pub(crate) rot:              Vec3,
+    pub(crate) scale:            Vec3,
+    pub(crate) transform_offset: DeviceSize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Material {
+    pub(crate) colour:           Vec3,
+    pub(crate) roughness:        f32,
+    pub(crate) metallic:         f32,
+    pub(crate) subsurface:       f32,
+    pub(crate) specular:         f32,
+    pub(crate) specular_tint:    f32,
+    pub(crate) sheen:            f32,
+    pub(crate) sheen_tint:       f32,
+    pub(crate) clear_coat_gloss: f32,
+    pub(crate) clear_coat:       f32,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Mesh {
-    pub(crate) name:     String,
-    pub(crate) vertices: Subbuffer<[OVertex]>,
-    pub(crate) indices:  Subbuffer<[u32]>,
-    pub(crate) pos:      Vec3,
-    pub(crate) rot:      Vec3,
-    pub(crate) scale:    Vec3,
+    pub(crate) name:         String,
+    pub(crate) position:     Position,
+    pub(crate) material:     Material,
+    pub(crate) vert_offset:  DeviceSize,
+    pub(crate) vert_len:     DeviceSize,
+    pub(crate) index_offset: DeviceSize,
+    pub(crate) index_len:    DeviceSize,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct CSG {
-    pub(crate) name: String,
-    pub(crate) _seed: u64,
-    pub(crate) parts: SSATape,
-    pub(crate) pos: Vec3,
-    pub(crate) rot: Vec3,
-    pub(crate) scale: Vec3,
-    pub(crate) colour: Vec3,
-    pub(crate) roughness: f32,
-    pub(crate) metallic: f32,
-    pub(crate) replacement_modules: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
-    pub(crate) trace_pipeline: Arc<GraphicsPipeline>,
-    pub(crate) normals_pipeline: Arc<GraphicsPipeline>,
-    pub(crate) fuzz_pipeline: Arc<ComputePipeline>,
-    pub(crate) enable_gen_pipeline: Arc<ComputePipeline>,
+    pub(crate) name:     String,
+    pub(crate) position: Position,
+    pub(crate) material: Material,
+
+    pub(crate) parts:       SSATape,
+    pub(crate) _seed:       u64,
     pub(crate) subdivision: u32,
-    pub(crate) enable_buffer: Vec<Subbuffer<Object>>,
-    pub(crate) enable_buffer_host_visible: Vec<Subbuffer<Object>>,
-    pub(crate) trace_descriptor_set: Vec<Arc<DescriptorSet>>,
-    pub(crate) normals_descriptor_set: Vec<Arc<DescriptorSet>>,
+
+    pub(crate) replacement_modules:       Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
+    pub(crate) fuzz_pipeline:             Arc<ComputePipeline>,
+    pub(crate) enable_gen_pipeline:       Arc<ComputePipeline>,
+    pub(crate) aabb_buffer:               Vec<Subbuffer<[u8]>>,
     pub(crate) enable_gen_descriptor_set: Vec<Arc<DescriptorSet>>,
-    pub(crate) aabb_buffer: Vec<Subbuffer<[u8]>>,
+}
+
+impl Default for Position {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pos:              Vec3::ZERO,
+            rot:              Vec3::ZERO,
+            scale:            Vec3::ONE,
+            transform_offset: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Material {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            colour:           Vec3::ONE,
+            roughness:        1.0,
+            metallic:         0.67,
+            specular:         0.73,
+            specular_tint:    0.,
+            sheen_tint:       0.,
+            sheen:            0.58,
+            clear_coat_gloss: 0.63,
+            subsurface:       0.,
+            clear_coat:       0.85,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn load_obj(
-    memory_allocator: &Arc<dyn MemoryAllocator>,
     input: &mut dyn Read,
     name: String,
-    additional_usage: BufferUsage,
+    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[OVertex]>,
+    vertex_buffer_pointer: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    index_buffer: Subbuffer<[u32]>,
+    index_buffer_pointer: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    transform_buffer_pointer: Arc<AtomicU64>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<Mesh>, ObjError> {
     let object = ObjData::load_buf_with_config(input, LoadConfig::default())?;
 
@@ -108,45 +155,33 @@ pub(crate) fn load_obj(
         }
     }
 
-    let vertex_buffer = Buffer::from_iter(
-        memory_allocator.clone(),
-        BufferCreateInfo {
-            usage: BufferUsage::STORAGE_BUFFER | additional_usage,
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-        AllocationCreateInfo {
-            memory_type_filter: MemoryTypeFilter::PREFER_HOST
-                | MemoryTypeFilter::HOST_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE,
-            allocate_preference: MemoryAllocatePreference::AlwaysAllocate,
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-        vertices,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
+    let vertex_offset =
+        vertex_buffer_pointer.fetch_add(vertices.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed) as usize;
+    let index_offset =
+        index_buffer_pointer.fetch_add(indices.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed) as usize;
+    let transform_offset = transform_buffer_pointer.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) as usize;
 
-    let index_buffer = Buffer::from_iter(
-        memory_allocator.clone(),
-        BufferCreateInfo {
-            usage: BufferUsage::STORAGE_BUFFER | additional_usage,
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-        AllocationCreateInfo {
-            memory_type_filter: MemoryTypeFilter::PREFER_HOST
-                | MemoryTypeFilter::HOST_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE,
-            allocate_preference: MemoryAllocatePreference::AlwaysAllocate,
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-        indices,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
+    {
+        let mut write = vertex_buffer.write().unwrap();
+        write[vertex_offset..(vertex_offset + vertices.len())].copy_from_slice(&vertices);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut write = index_buffer.write().unwrap();
+        write[index_offset..(index_offset + indices.len())].copy_from_slice(&indices);
+    }
 
     Ok(vec![Mesh {
-        vertices: vertex_buffer,
-        indices: index_buffer,
-        pos: Vec3::ZERO,
-        rot: Vec3::ZERO,
-        scale: Vec3::ONE,
         name,
+        position: Position {
+            transform_offset: transform_offset as _,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        material: Default::default(),
+        vert_offset: vertex_offset as _,
+        vert_len: vertices.len() as u64,
+        index_offset: index_offset as _,
+        index_len: indices.len() as u64,
     }])
 }
 

tape-drive/src/scene.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use std::{
     sync::{Arc, RwLock},
 };
 
+use glam::{EulerRot, Mat4};
 use vulkano::{
-    Packed24_8,
+    DeviceSize, Packed24_8,
     acceleration_structure::{
         AccelerationStructure, AccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo,
         AccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo, AccelerationStructureBuildType,
@@ -22,7 +23,11 @@ use vulkano::{
     memory::allocator::{AllocationCreateInfo, DeviceLayout, MemoryAllocator, MemoryTypeFilter},
 };
 
-use crate::objects::{CSG, Mesh, OVertex};
+use crate::{
+    enable_gen_cs,
+    gpu_upload::gpu_upload,
+    objects::{CSG, Mesh, OVertex, Position},
+};
 
 pub struct Scene {
     // The bottom-level acceleration structure is required to be kept alive
@@ -39,6 +44,10 @@ impl Scene {
         memory_allocator: &Arc<dyn MemoryAllocator>,
         meshes: &[Mesh],
         csgs: &[Arc<RwLock<CSG>>],
+        vertex_buffer: &Subbuffer<[OVertex]>,
+        index_buffer: &Subbuffer<[u32]>,
+        transform_buffer: &Subbuffer<[[[f32; 4]; 3]]>,
+        mesh_buffer: &Subbuffer<[enable_gen_cs::Mesh]>,
         image_index: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         // Build the bottom-level acceleration structure and then the top-level
@@ -50,12 +59,18 @@ impl Scene {
         // structure.
         let mesh_blases: Vec<Arc<AccelerationStructure>> = meshes
             .iter()
-            .map(|mesh| unsafe {
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, mesh)| unsafe {
                 build_acceleration_structure_triangles(
                     mesh,
+                    vertex_buffer.clone(),
+                    index_buffer.clone(),
+                    transform_buffer.clone(),
+                    mesh_buffer.clone(),
                     memory_allocator.clone(),
                     device.clone(),
                     builder,
+                    i,
                 )
             })
             .collect();
@@ -110,6 +125,49 @@ impl Scene {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn upload_transform(position: &Position, transform_buffer: Subbuffer<[[[f32; 4]; 3]]>) {
+    let world = Mat4::from_translation(position.pos * 0.01)
+        * Mat4::from_euler(
+            EulerRot::XYZ,
+            position.rot.x.to_radians(),
+            position.rot.y.to_radians(),
+            position.rot.z.to_radians(),
+        )
+        * Mat4::from_scale(position.scale * 2.0);
+
+    gpu_upload(
+        [
+            world.row(0).to_array(),
+            world.row(1).to_array(),
+            world.row(2).to_array(),
+        ],
+        transform_buffer.index(position.transform_offset),
+    );
+}
+
+fn upload_mesh_data(mesh: &Mesh, mesh_buffer: Subbuffer<[enable_gen_cs::Mesh]>, index: DeviceSize) {
+    let mesh = enable_gen_cs::Mesh {
+        vert_offset:          (mesh.vert_offset as u32).into(),
+        index_offset:         (mesh.index_offset as u32).into(),
+        colour_and_roughness: [
+            mesh.material.colour[0],
+            mesh.material.colour[1],
+            mesh.material.colour[2],
+            mesh.material.roughness,
+        ],
+        metallic:             mesh.material.metallic,
+        subsurface:           mesh.material.subsurface,
+        specular:             mesh.material.specular,
+        specular_tint:        mesh.material.specular_tint,
+        sheen:                mesh.material.sheen,
+        sheen_tint:           mesh.material.sheen_tint,
+        clear_coat_gloss:     mesh.material.clear_coat_gloss,
+        clear_coat:           mesh.material.clear_coat,
+    };
+
+    gpu_upload(mesh, mesh_buffer.index(index));
+}
+
 /// A helper function to build a acceleration structure and wait for its
 /// completion.
 ///
@@ -207,16 +265,31 @@ unsafe fn build_acceleration_structure_common(
 
 unsafe fn build_acceleration_structure_triangles(
     mesh: &Mesh,
+    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[OVertex]>,
+    index_buffer: Subbuffer<[u32]>,
+    transform_buffer: Subbuffer<[[[f32; 4]; 3]]>,
+    mesh_buffer: Subbuffer<[enable_gen_cs::Mesh]>,
     memory_allocator: Arc<dyn MemoryAllocator>,
     device: Arc<Device>,
     builder: &mut AutoCommandBufferBuilder<PrimaryAutoCommandBuffer>,
+    index: usize,
 ) -> Arc<AccelerationStructure> {
-    let primitive_count = (mesh.indices.len() / 3) as u32;
+    upload_transform(&mesh.position, transform_buffer.clone());
+    upload_mesh_data(&mesh, mesh_buffer, index as _);
+
+    let primitive_count = (mesh.index_len / 3) as u32;
     let as_geometry_triangles_data = AccelerationStructureGeometryTrianglesData {
-        max_vertex: mesh.vertices.len() as _,
-        vertex_data: Some(mesh.vertices.clone().into_bytes()),
+        max_vertex: mesh.vert_len as _,
+        vertex_data: Some(
+            vertex_buffer
+                .slice(mesh.vert_offset..(mesh.vert_offset + mesh.vert_len))
+                .into_bytes(),
+        ),
         vertex_stride: size_of::<OVertex>() as _,
-        index_data: Some(IndexBuffer::U32(mesh.indices.clone())),
+        index_data: Some(IndexBuffer::U32(
+            index_buffer.slice(mesh.index_offset..(mesh.index_offset + mesh.index_len)),
+        )),
+        transform_data: Some(transform_buffer.index(mesh.position.transform_offset)),
         ..AccelerationStructureGeometryTrianglesData::new(Format::R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT)
     };
 

tape-drive/src/threads.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use std::{
     fs::File,
     io::Write,
-    simd::{StdFloat, cmp::SimdPartialOrd},
+    simd::StdFloat,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock, mpmc, mpsc},
     time::Instant,
 };
 
-use foldhash::{HashMap, HashMapExt, HashSet};
+use foldhash::{HashMap, HashMapExt};
 use glam::{EulerRot, Mat4, Vec3};
 use log::info;
 use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, rngs::SmallRng};
@@ -14,39 +14,24 @@ use rspirv::{binary::Assemble, dr::Module};
 use tape_load::interpreters;
 use vulkano::{
     buffer::{Subbuffer, allocator::SubbufferAllocator},
-    command_buffer::allocator::CommandBufferAllocator,
     descriptor_set::{DescriptorSet, WriteDescriptorSet, allocator::DescriptorSetAllocator},
-    device::{Device, Queue},
+    device::Device,
     pipeline::{
-        ComputePipeline, DynamicState, GraphicsPipeline, Pipeline, PipelineCreateFlags,
-        PipelineLayout, PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo,
-        cache::PipelineCache,
-        compute::ComputePipelineCreateInfo,
-        graphics::{
-            GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo,
-            color_blend::{ColorBlendAttachmentState, ColorBlendState},
-            depth_stencil::{DepthState, DepthStencilState},
-            input_assembly::InputAssemblyState,
-            multisample::MultisampleState,
-            rasterization::{CullMode, FrontFace, PolygonMode, RasterizationState},
-            vertex_input::{Vertex, VertexDefinition, VertexInputState},
-        },
+        ComputePipeline, Pipeline, PipelineLayout, PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo,
+        cache::PipelineCache, compute::ComputePipelineCreateInfo,
         layout::PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo,
     },
-    render_pass::{RenderPass, Subpass},
     shader::{ShaderModule, ShaderModuleCreateInfo},
-    sync::GpuFuture,
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    DUMP_SPV_TO_FILE, IVertex, MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION, MINUMUM_SUBDIVISION, get_spec_constants,
+    DUMP_SPV_TO_FILE, MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION, MINUMUM_SUBDIVISION, enable_gen_cs, get_spec_constants,
     gpu_upload,
     gui::PreviousDebug,
-    interpreters::{VALUE_0, interval::IntervalInterpreter, point::PointInterpreter},
+    interpreters::point::PointInterpreter,
     objects::CSG,
+    scene::upload_transform,
     ssa::{SSAInput, SSAOpcode, SSAOpcodeSized, SSATape},
-    trace_vs::{Object, PushConstantData},
-    types::Interval,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -54,13 +39,9 @@ pub enum WorkItem {
     CreateCSG(
         Arc<Device>,
         Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Module>>>,
-        Arc<RenderPass>,
         Arc<PipelineCache>,
-        Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
         PreviousDebug,
         Arc<Mutex<SubbufferAllocator>>,
-        Arc<Mutex<SubbufferAllocator>>,
-        Arc<Mutex<SubbufferAllocator>>,
         Arc<dyn DescriptorSetAllocator>,
         u32,
         u32,
@@ -70,10 +51,8 @@ pub enum WorkItem {
     GetPushConstants(
         Arc<RwLock<CSG>>,
         f32,
-        usize,
-        Arc<dyn CommandBufferAllocator>,
-        Arc<Queue>,
-        bool,
+        Subbuffer<[[[f32; 4]; 3]]>,
+        Subbuffer<[enable_gen_cs::Object]>,
         usize,
     ),
     RecompileShaders(
@@ -85,9 +64,7 @@ pub enum WorkItem {
     RecompilePipelines(
         Arc<RwLock<CSG>>,
         Arc<Device>,
-        Arc<RenderPass>,
         Arc<PipelineCache>,
-        Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
         PreviousDebug,
         usize,
     ),
@@ -95,7 +72,7 @@ pub enum WorkItem {
 
 pub enum WorkComplete {
     CreateCSG(Arc<RwLock<CSG>>, isize),
-    GetPushConstants(PushConstantData, Box<dyn GpuFuture + Send + Sync>, usize),
+    GetPushConstants(usize),
     RecompileShaders(usize),
     RecompilePipelines(usize),
 }
@@ -106,13 +83,9 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
             WorkItem::CreateCSG(
                 device,
                 replacement_modules,
-                render_pass,
                 cache,
-                normal_modules,
                 debug,
-                block_enable_allocator,
                 aabb_allocator,
-                host_visible_allocator,
                 descriptor_set_allocator,
                 frames,
                 subdivision,
@@ -132,34 +105,8 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
 
                 let replacement_modules = Arc::new(RwLock::new(new_replacement_modules));
 
-                let (trace_pipeline, normals_pipeline, fuzz_pipeline, enable_gen_pipeline) =
-                    deferred_pipelines_recompile(
-                        device,
-                        render_pass,
-                        cache,
-                        normal_modules,
-                        replacement_modules.clone(),
-                        debug,
-                    );
-
-                let enable_buffer: Vec<Subbuffer<Object>> = (0..frames)
-                    .map(|_| {
-                        block_enable_allocator
-                            .lock()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .allocate_sized()
-                            .unwrap()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                let enable_buffer_host_visible: Vec<Subbuffer<Object>> = (0..frames)
-                    .map(|_| {
-                        host_visible_allocator
-                            .lock()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .allocate_sized()
-                            .unwrap()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
+                let (fuzz_pipeline, enable_gen_pipeline) =
+                    deferred_pipelines_recompile(device, cache, replacement_modules.clone(), debug);
 
                 let aabb_buffer: Vec<Subbuffer<[u8]>> = (0..frames)
                     .map(|_| {
@@ -175,48 +122,16 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
                     })
                     .collect();
 
-                let trace_layout = trace_pipeline.layout().set_layouts()[1].clone();
-                let trace_descriptor_set = (0..frames)
-                    .map(|f| {
-                        DescriptorSet::new(
-                            descriptor_set_allocator.clone(),
-                            trace_layout.clone(),
-                            [WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(
-                                0,
-                                enable_buffer[f as usize].clone(),
-                            )],
-                            [],
-                        )
-                        .unwrap()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-
-                let normals_layout = normals_pipeline.layout().set_layouts()[1].clone();
-                let normals_descriptor_set = (0..frames)
-                    .map(|f| {
-                        DescriptorSet::new(
-                            descriptor_set_allocator.clone(),
-                            normals_layout.clone(),
-                            [WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(
-                                0,
-                                enable_buffer[f as usize].clone(),
-                            )],
-                            [],
-                        )
-                        .unwrap()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-
                 let enable_gen_layout = enable_gen_pipeline.layout().set_layouts()[1].clone();
                 let enable_gen_descriptor_set = (0..frames)
                     .map(|f| {
                         DescriptorSet::new(
                             descriptor_set_allocator.clone(),
                             enable_gen_layout.clone(),
-                            [
-                                WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(0, enable_buffer[f as usize].clone()),
-                                WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(1, aabb_buffer[f as usize].clone()),
-                            ],
+                            [WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(
+                                0,
+                                aabb_buffer[f as usize].clone(),
+                            )],
                             [],
                         )
                         .unwrap()
@@ -227,24 +142,14 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
                     name: "example".to_string(),
                     _seed: seed,
                     parts,
-                    pos: Vec3::ZERO,
-                    rot: Vec3::ZERO,
-                    scale: Vec3::ONE,
+                    position: Default::default(),
+                    material: Default::default(),
                     replacement_modules,
-                    trace_pipeline,
-                    normals_pipeline,
                     fuzz_pipeline,
                     enable_gen_pipeline,
                     subdivision,
-                    enable_buffer,
                     aabb_buffer,
-                    enable_buffer_host_visible,
-                    trace_descriptor_set,
-                    normals_descriptor_set,
                     enable_gen_descriptor_set,
-                    colour: Vec3::ONE,
-                    roughness: 1.0,
-                    metallic: 0.67,
                 }));
 
                 send.send(WorkComplete::CreateCSG(csg, index)).unwrap();
@@ -255,47 +160,14 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
                     (csg_end - csg_start).as_secs_f64() * 1000.0
                 );
             },
-            WorkItem::GetPushConstants(
-                csg,
-                time,
-                frame_index,
-                command_allocator,
-                transfer_queue,
-                use_cpu_enable_gen,
-                index,
-            ) => {
+            WorkItem::GetPushConstants(csg, time, transform_buffer, csg_buffer, index) => {
                 let csg = csg.read().unwrap();
 
-                let world = Mat4::from_translation(csg.pos * 0.01)
-                    * Mat4::from_euler(
-                        EulerRot::XYZ,
-                        csg.rot.x.to_radians(),
-                        csg.rot.y.to_radians(),
-                        csg.rot.z.to_radians(),
-                    )
-                    * Mat4::from_scale(csg.scale * 2.0);
+                upload_transform(&csg.position, transform_buffer);
 
-                let push_constants = PushConstantData {
-                    world:     world.to_cols_array_2d(),
-                    inv_world: world.inverse().to_cols_array_2d(),
-                };
+                interval_check(&csg, time, csg_buffer, index);
 
-                let future = interval_check(
-                    &csg,
-                    index as u32 + 1,
-                    time,
-                    frame_index,
-                    command_allocator,
-                    transfer_queue,
-                    use_cpu_enable_gen,
-                );
-
-                send.send(WorkComplete::GetPushConstants(
-                    push_constants,
-                    future,
-                    index,
-                ))
-                .unwrap();
+                send.send(WorkComplete::GetPushConstants(index)).unwrap();
             },
             WorkItem::RecompileShaders(csg, device, replacement_modules, index) => {
                 let csg_start = Instant::now();
@@ -319,27 +191,12 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
                     (csg_end - csg_start).as_secs_f64() * 1000.0
                 );
             },
-            WorkItem::RecompilePipelines(
-                csg,
-                device,
-                render_pass,
-                cache,
-                normal_modules,
-                debug,
-                index,
-            ) => {
+            WorkItem::RecompilePipelines(csg, device, cache, debug, index) => {
                 let csg_start = Instant::now();
                 let mut csg = csg.write().unwrap();
-                (
-                    csg.trace_pipeline,
-                    csg.normals_pipeline,
-                    csg.fuzz_pipeline,
-                    csg.enable_gen_pipeline,
-                ) = deferred_pipelines_recompile(
+                (csg.fuzz_pipeline, csg.enable_gen_pipeline) = deferred_pipelines_recompile(
                     device,
-                    render_pass,
                     cache,
-                    normal_modules,
                     csg.replacement_modules.clone(),
                     debug,
                 );
@@ -359,144 +216,14 @@ pub fn thread_loop(recv: mpmc::Receiver<WorkItem>, send: mpsc::SyncSender<WorkCo
 
 fn deferred_pipelines_recompile(
     device: Arc<Device>,
-    render_pass: Arc<RenderPass>,
     cache: Arc<PipelineCache>,
-    shader_modules: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
     replacement_modules: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<ShaderModule>>>>,
     debug: PreviousDebug,
-) -> (
-    Arc<GraphicsPipeline>,
-    Arc<GraphicsPipeline>,
-    Arc<ComputePipeline>,
-    Arc<ComputePipeline>,
-) {
+) -> (Arc<ComputePipeline>, Arc<ComputePipeline>) {
     let specs = get_spec_constants(&debug);
 
-    let dynamic_state = [DynamicState::Viewport].into_iter().collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
-    let shader_modules = shader_modules.read().unwrap();
     let replacement_modules = replacement_modules.read().unwrap();
 
-    let trace_vs_entry = shader_modules["trace.vert"]
-        .specialize(specs.clone())
-        .unwrap()
-        .single_entry_point()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let vertex_input_state = [IVertex::per_vertex()].definition(&trace_vs_entry).unwrap();
-
-    let trace_vs_info = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(trace_vs_entry);
-
-    let trace_fs_info = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(
-        replacement_modules["trace.frag"]
-            .specialize(specs.clone())
-            .unwrap()
-            .single_entry_point()
-            .unwrap(),
-    );
-
-    let layout = PipelineLayout::new(
-        device.clone(),
-        PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::from_stages([&trace_vs_info, &trace_fs_info])
-            .into_pipeline_layout_create_info(device.clone())
-            .unwrap(),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let stages = [trace_vs_info.clone(), trace_fs_info].into_iter().collect();
-
-    let trace_subpass = Subpass::from(render_pass.clone(), 0).unwrap();
-
-    let trace_pipeline = GraphicsPipeline::new(
-        device.clone(),
-        Some(cache.clone()),
-        GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
-            flags: PipelineCreateFlags::DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION,
-            stages,
-            vertex_input_state: Some(vertex_input_state.clone()),
-            input_assembly_state: Some(InputAssemblyState::default()),
-            dynamic_state: dynamic_state.clone(),
-            viewport_state: Some(Default::default()),
-            rasterization_state: Some(RasterizationState {
-                front_face: FrontFace::Clockwise,
-                cull_mode: CullMode::Back,
-                polygon_mode: PolygonMode::Fill,
-                ..RasterizationState::default()
-            }),
-            depth_stencil_state: Some(DepthStencilState {
-                depth: Some(DepthState::reverse()),
-                ..Default::default()
-            }),
-            multisample_state: Some(MultisampleState::default()),
-            color_blend_state: Some(ColorBlendState::with_attachment_states(
-                trace_subpass.num_color_attachments(),
-                ColorBlendAttachmentState::default(),
-            )),
-            subpass: Some(trace_subpass.into()),
-            ..GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::layout(layout.clone())
-        },
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let fullscreen_vs_entry = shader_modules["fullscreen.vert"]
-        .specialize(specs.clone())
-        .unwrap()
-        .single_entry_point()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let vertex_input_state = VertexInputState::new();
-
-    let fullscreen_vs_info = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(fullscreen_vs_entry);
-
-    let normals_fs_info = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(
-        replacement_modules["normals.frag"]
-            .specialize(specs.clone())
-            .unwrap()
-            .single_entry_point()
-            .unwrap(),
-    );
-
-    let layout = PipelineLayout::new(
-        device.clone(),
-        PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::from_stages([&fullscreen_vs_info, &normals_fs_info])
-            .into_pipeline_layout_create_info(device.clone())
-            .unwrap(),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let stages = [fullscreen_vs_info.clone(), normals_fs_info]
-        .into_iter()
-        .collect();
-    let normals_subpass = Subpass::from(render_pass.clone(), 1).unwrap();
-
-    let normals_pipeline = GraphicsPipeline::new(
-        device.clone(),
-        Some(cache.clone()),
-        GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
-            flags: PipelineCreateFlags::DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION,
-            stages,
-            vertex_input_state: Some(vertex_input_state.clone()),
-            input_assembly_state: Some(InputAssemblyState::default()),
-            dynamic_state: dynamic_state.clone(),
-            viewport_state: Some(Default::default()),
-            rasterization_state: Some(RasterizationState {
-                front_face: FrontFace::Clockwise,
-                cull_mode: CullMode::Back,
-                polygon_mode: PolygonMode::Fill,
-                ..RasterizationState::default()
-            }),
-            depth_stencil_state: None,
-            multisample_state: Some(MultisampleState::default()),
-            color_blend_state: Some(ColorBlendState::with_attachment_states(
-                normals_subpass.num_color_attachments(),
-                ColorBlendAttachmentState::default(),
-            )),
-            subpass: Some(normals_subpass.into()),
-            ..GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::layout(layout.clone())
-        },
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
     let fuzz_cs_info = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(
         replacement_modules["fuzz.comp"]
             .specialize(specs.clone())
@@ -515,7 +242,7 @@ fn deferred_pipelines_recompile(
 
     let fuzz_pipeline = ComputePipeline::new(
         device.clone(),
-        None,
+        Some(cache.clone()),
         ComputePipelineCreateInfo::stage_layout(fuzz_cs_info, fuzz_pipeline_layout.clone()),
     )
     .expect("failed to create fuzz pipeline");
@@ -538,7 +265,7 @@ fn deferred_pipelines_recompile(
 
     let enable_gen_pipeline = ComputePipeline::new(
         device.clone(),
-        None,
+        Some(cache.clone()),
         ComputePipelineCreateInfo::stage_layout(
             enable_gen_cs_info,
             enable_gen_pipeline_layout.clone(),
@@ -546,12 +273,7 @@ fn deferred_pipelines_recompile(
     )
     .expect("failed to create enable_gen pipeline");
 
-    (
-        trace_pipeline,
-        normals_pipeline,
-        fuzz_pipeline,
-        enable_gen_pipeline,
-    )
+    (fuzz_pipeline, enable_gen_pipeline)
 }
 
 fn create_csg(seed: u64) -> SSATape {
@@ -720,13 +442,10 @@ fn create_csg(seed: u64) -> SSATape {
 
 fn interval_check(
     csg: &CSG,
-    material: u32,
     time: f32,
-    frame_index: usize,
-    command_allocator: Arc<dyn CommandBufferAllocator>,
-    transfer_queue: Arc<Queue>,
-    use_cpu_enable_gen: bool,
-) -> Box<dyn GpuFuture + Send + Sync> {
+    csg_buffer: Subbuffer<[enable_gen_cs::Object]>,
+    index: usize,
+) {
     const INTERPRET_INPUT_X: interpreters::Value =
         interpreters::Value::from_array([10000.0, 0.0, 0.0, -10000.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
     const INTERPRET_INPUT_Y: interpreters::Value =
@@ -762,116 +481,27 @@ fn interval_check(
     assert!(csg.subdivision <= MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION);
     assert!(csg.subdivision >= MINUMUM_SUBDIVISION);
 
-    let xdim = csg.subdivision as usize;
-    let ydim = csg.subdivision as usize;
-    let zdim = csg.subdivision as usize;
-
-    let mut obj = Object {
-        dimensions: (highest_corner - lowest_corner).to_array().into(),
-        lowest_corner: lowest_corner.into(),
-        enable: [[0; 4];
-            (MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION * MAXIMUM_SUBDIVISION) as usize / (32 * 4)],
-        material,
-        subdivision_log2: csg.subdivision.ilog2(),
-        farplane: ((highest_corner - lowest_corner).length() / csg.subdivision as f32).into(),
-        colour: csg.colour.to_array(),
-        roughness: csg.roughness,
-        metallic: csg.metallic,
+    let obj = enable_gen_cs::Object {
+        dimensions:           (highest_corner - lowest_corner).to_array().into(),
+        lowest_corner:        lowest_corner.into(),
+        subdivision_log2:     csg.subdivision.ilog2(),
+        colour_and_roughness: [
+            csg.material.colour[0],
+            csg.material.colour[1],
+            csg.material.colour[2],
+            csg.material.roughness,
+        ],
+        metallic:             csg.material.metallic,
+        subsurface:           csg.material.subsurface,
+        specular:             csg.material.specular,
+        specular_tint:        csg.material.specular_tint,
+        sheen:                csg.material.sheen,
+        sheen_tint:           csg.material.sheen_tint,
+        clear_coat_gloss:     csg.material.clear_coat_gloss,
+        clear_coat:           csg.material.clear_coat,
     };
 
-    if use_cpu_enable_gen {
-        for x in 0..xdim {
-            for y in 0..ydim {
-                for z in 0..(zdim / 8) {
-                    let interval_input_z: Interval = Interval::new_unchecked(
-                        interpreters::Value::from_array([
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (0.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (1.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (2.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (3.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (4.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (5.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (6.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (7.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                        ]),
-                        interpreters::Value::from_array([
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (1.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (2.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (3.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (4.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (5.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (6.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (7.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                            ((((8.0 / (zdim as f32)) * z as f32) + (8.0 / (zdim as f32)))
-                                * obj.dimensions[2])
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[2],
-                        ]),
-                    );
-
-                    let mut interpreter = IntervalInterpreter::new(&csg.parts);
-                    let output = interpreter.scene(
-                        Interval::const_splat2(
-                            (x as f32 / (xdim as f32)) * obj.dimensions[0] + obj.lowest_corner[0],
-                            ((x + 1) as f32 / (xdim as f32)) * obj.dimensions[0]
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[0],
-                        ),
-                        Interval::const_splat2(
-                            (y as f32 / (ydim as f32)) * obj.dimensions[1] + obj.lowest_corner[1],
-                            ((y + 1) as f32 / (ydim as f32)) * obj.dimensions[1]
-                                + obj.lowest_corner[1],
-                        ),
-                        interval_input_z,
-                        Interval::const_splat(time),
-                    );
-
-                    let total_index = (x * zdim * ydim) + (y * zdim) + (z * 8);
-                    let output = ((output.lower().simd_le(VALUE_0)
-                        & output.upper().simd_ge(VALUE_0))
-                    .to_bitmask() as u32)
-                        << (total_index & 31);
-                    obj.enable[total_index >> 7][(total_index >> 5) & 3] |= output;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    gpu_upload(
-        obj,
-        csg.enable_buffer[frame_index].clone(),
-        csg.enable_buffer_host_visible[frame_index].clone(),
-        command_allocator,
-        transfer_queue,
-    )
+    gpu_upload(obj, csg_buffer.index(index as _))
 }
 
 fn sdf_specialize_module(